Comb Honey 101

One of my biggest market surprises in 2023 was the overwhelming popularity of comb honey products. These products only represented a small fraction of our sales, but they sold out quickly and generated a lot of interest. If you became a fan of our comb honey products in 2023 or before, fear not, I am planning a massive expansion into my production of all of the comb honey products for 2024 to try and meet your needs. I wanted to take a few minutes and describe the products we have and how they are made and that is why I am writing this post.

General

Comb honey is a beautiful product visually and represents the most natural way to enjoy honey. You are able to enjoy honey with the least possible amount of processing outside of sticking your arm into a bee tree and grabbing a comb. The lack of processing involved with comb honey allows you to get all of the benefits from honey’s natural bouquet. All of the great enzymes are intact and any pollen or propolis that incidentally makes it into the cells is still there. By it’s design, comb honey requires new combs for each harvest (this is part of the reason it is so special and the entire reason it takes longer to produce). For this reason, there is absolutely no concern about the potential incidntal build up of chemicals from the environment over time.

Since producing all types of comb honey requires the bees to start from scratch, producing it is a bit of an art (especially some of the specialty products that we will talk about later). The two main ingredients required are a large bustling colony and a strong honey flow. I select my most vigorous colonies to produce our comb honey products and most of the comb honey is produced during the strong prolonged clover nectar flow that our area experiences from late May through early July. This is, in my opinion, one of the best honeys produced in southwest illinois adequately sweet with a noticeable floral nose and complexity. I will try and trick the bees into producing some comb honey during our black locust flow in early May- that will be a real work of art, but if successful be on the lookout for that sweet, light honey in a comb honey product during June or July.

I will have several different products available in season. I will have our most popular cut comb as well as the classic old world basswood sections of honey. I will also have Ross Round sections and the visual masterpiece of chunk honey (which is comb honey inside of a jar of extracted honey).

Cut Comb

Cut comb honey

Cut comb honey is one of my fastest sellouts every year. Cut comb is the most economical way to enjoy comb honey as it is the easiest to produce. Comb honey is simply sections of honey comb that are cut from the frames, drained and placed into clamshell containers. Cut comb honey can be eaten with a spoon, added to tea or oatmeal, cut into chunks for a salad, or used on a charcuterie board. This product is the easiest for the bees to produce so it will be the first available. Look for both 12-16 oz sections and our new 8 oz sections at farmers markets and online around July- but be aware this will likely be sold out by September as it is a very popular product.

Basswood Sections of Comb Honey

Basswood sections of comb honey are a real treat. This product is a 4 inch square frame of basswood that the bees build comb honey. This is a traditional, old world style of honey product. It is not as popular in the United States as it once was; mainly because it is more difficult to produce and therefore demands a higher price than some other comb honey products. It’s not just the beekeeper’s efforts that cause this product to cost a bit more though, the sections are thicker, heavier, and don’t have as noticeable of a center due to foundation. We dedicate a couple of hives towards making this product to compete in honey shows and the rest is available for sale – usually beginning in July. As it takes a bit for bees to get up to speed and size to produce this honey, ours typically reflects a more summer honey profile that is light amber in color with heavy clover influence in the flavor.

Ross Round Sections

This year will be my first attempt at Ross Round sections. They are similar to basswood sections in that the beekeeper manipulates the bees to build small sections of honey comb in a container. But unlike the wooden squares of basswood sections, ross rounds are built in smaller, round plastic sections. These sections will weigh approximately 8 ounces and like their basswood cousins- run a little more expensive than cut comb products.

Chunk Honey

A beautiful jar of chunk honey

Chunk honey is a really visually beautiful product. It is a combination of comb honey and extracted honey. We began making this product to compete in honey shows and found that it is a niche product that quite a few of our customers really enjoy. I produce two sizes, one pound and two and one half pound – both in glass jars. Look for this beautiful treat beginning in July. This product typically reflects a summer honey profile, however if I am successful at producing comb honey early enough to snag some light spring honey, I think it will fair very well in the honey shows and be a delectable treat to lucky customers who grab when available.

Comb honey is a product that I really enjoy producing. It is the purest and most natural form of honey that you can find. I sell out of it very quickly each year; so in addition to being pure and natural, when you eat ours you can count on it being fresh- which makes a huge difference in the flavor! Whether you’re curious to try comb honey for the first time or looking to restock; come and see me at a market or order online this summer when we are able to harvest this delicious treat again.

Goals

The new year is a time to reflect on the year past and look forward to the year to come. Last year I decided to make goals for my beekeeping and tack that sheet up in my work shop to remind what I wanted to accomplish and to help stay on track. I was pleased to accomplish the vast majority of those goals especially the goals for amount of honey produced and number of hives that my apiary expanded.

A few weeks ago I sat down and wrote out a new set of goals for 2024. I have again set goals to aggressively expand in the number of hives managed and the amount of honey produced. One thing that I noted during the 2023 season was the overwhelming popularity of comb honey products. I am planning to produce much, much more comb honey this year. If you aren’t familiar with comb honey products, look for my upcoming blog post regarding these special treats.

I also plan to double the amount of nucleus colonies sold. If you are interested in starting as a beekeeper, this is great way to start. Also a quick way to expand your apiary or replace your colonies that did not survive the winter.

Natalie is also looking to expand her “Natalie’s Naturals” line of cosmetic products. Look for these items on sale on the website, at our farmer’s market booth, or on etsy.

I am looking forward to a great year of growth and learning at Mayhew Honey and I wish you and your family a happy and prosperous 2024.

Swarm Traps- How to catch free, local bees

Successful Swarm Trap

Every spring honeybee colonies have an intense desire to propogate their species by dividing their colony in half and attempting to form two separate colonies. This is called swarming. During the swarming process approximately half of the bees leave with the queen in an attempt to establish a new colony. This group of bees is referred to as a swarm. When the swarm leaves the colony they find a nearby site (usually in a tree or elevated surface) that will serve as their bivouac until they find a permanent site for their new home. When looking for a permanent home (typically and in nature- a tree cavity) bees look for a hollow spot that will be safe from predators, weather tight, and big enough to accomodate their nest.

Catching a swarm of bees is a great way to expand your apiary. This article will focus on catching swarms using a trap. To catch a swarm in a trap, you are looking to simulate an ideal permanent home for bees and entice them to move in.

So what is an ideal site for a bee home? I won’t go into great detail on the research behind all of this, but if you are interested in the background, I strongly encourage you to read “The Lives of Bees- The Untold Story of the Honey Bee in the Wild” by Dr. Thomas Seeley. This book goes into great detail how honey bees live in a wild state, which is exactly what you are trying to emulate when you design and place a swarm trap. When looking at a swarm trap, look for one that is about 40-50 litres in volume (big enough to accomodate the bee’s nest), and has a small entrance (protect from predators, weather tight). There are many ways to accomplish this including modifying a deep langstroth box. I’ve made two similar designs and really like the way these work. The taller, thinner shape seems easier to handle on a ladder. The first design is found on the horizontalhive.com website, this site has a lot of great information about swarm traps in general. The other design that I like, is actually very similar- but with simpler construction techniques. Here is a link to youtube video detailing how to make the design. Links to both of these designs/plans are also located at the end of this article.

Once you’ve gotten your swarm trap there are just a few more details and you will be ready to try your hand at catching some bees. In each of the recommended designs, deep langstroth frames are used. If you happen to have some frames of drawn comb from a dead out, use them! I honestly, think this might be one of the single most important contributor to success in catching a swarm of bees. Remember, bees are looking for a new home- imagine how enticing it would be to find a new place that was already furnished! If you don’t have drawn comb, that’s ok- bees can still be enticed to move in a box with bare foundation with no problem.

A frame or two of drawn comb is a great attractant in a swarm trap!

If you do any reading on catching swarms, you will certainly run in to swarm lure products. These products mimic the scent of the queen bee’s pheremones. I do think these are a big attractant to catching a swarm and well worth using. I have had great luck using a product called swarm commander. It is pretty pricey, but one swarm captured would pay for the product several times over. I have also caught swarms using standard lemongrass essential oil. Another trick that I have found very effective is placing the lure in a slow release tube as recommneded and available for purchase on horizontalhive.com. As you can see in the photo, I have taped the slow release tube filled with swarm commander just above the entrance to the trap. I also recommend putting a few drops or a spritz of lure on the top bars. If everything you have is new, it wouldn’t hurt to rub some propolis and/or beeswax on the equipment to make everything smell more like bees.

Swarm Lure placed in a slow release tube by the entrance

The next aspect to consider is where to place your hive. The simplest answer is – in a tree. I think, ideally you would want to find a tree where you can put the trap about 12-15 feet up in the air. If you are using the horizontal hive plan you will need to find a tree with a branch suitable for setting the trap on. Some other aspects I like to look for is a large or conspicous tree on the edge of an open area (along a field, yard, or pasture). I think bees, like other animals like to travel along lines, if you can find a tree near an area where multiple edges meet, I belive that is an area which would be more likely to be found by scout bees looking for a new home. Also, if possible try to face the entrance to your trap either south or east. These have been found to be statistically preferable as homes to bees. Word of wisdom though- better to have a great tree where your entrance faces north than a mediocre tree with a south facing entrance. My most successful trap location faces almost directly north, but it checks all of the other boxes in terms of trap location. I only mention the direction of the entrance because if you have the option to face any direction on a tree pick either south or east.

Great place to set a trap. Tree on the edge of an open area

The prime swarming season for bees in my area is May and June. Your area may be slightly different, so do some reading on beekeeping sites or ask a local beekeeper. But generally speaking- spring is when you will have the most success.

Once you have gotten your trap set, it is simply a waiting game. One of my favorite aspects of using traps to catch the swarm is that it really takes the urgency out of chasing swarms. If you are trying to catch swarms from their bivouac site- time is of the essence! The bees could leave the bivouac to move in to their new home at any time. With a trap, you are simulating the permanent home so this is not a factor. With a 40-50 litre swarm trap, you can really get by with only checking the trap every couple of weeks. Checking traps is really easy- go during the day and observe for bee activity. No need to climb the ladder, just look for bee activity. If there are bees present, watch carefully to how they are acting. If bees have moved in you should see constant activity and foragers returning with pollen. If you don’t see pollen, I would return a few days later and observe again. Even after I’m certain that bees have moved in, I often wait several days to let the bees settle in before removing the trap. One word of caution though, if you leave the bees too long, there is an increased possibility of wild comb being built in the space below the frames.

Behavior of bees that have set up residence in a swarm trap

When you remove your trap, I recommend either very early morning or right at dark so you can have confidence that all of the bees are back home in the trap. Depending on what your entrance is, you will then need to shut the entrance. For the slit style of entrance, I’ve found that ripping off an appropriate sized strip of duct tape on the ground and climbing the ladder and slapping the strip quickly over the entrance to be a great way to do this! At that point you just need to safely bring your trap down to the ground. One big thing I will recommend on swarm trapping is that you will need to move the bees atleast 3 miles from the location you set your trap to hive them. You must consider that the bees have oriented to that spot as their home and if you set up too close, they will go right back to the location where your trap was. Installing bees from the trap is really straightforward (another great aspect of using a trap). You simply put the frames from the trap into the permanent hive box , shake whatever bees you can from the trap into the hive, and place the trap in front of the hive to allow the stragglers to enter the hive. If you see bees fanning (photo below) at the entrance after you make the transfer you can be confident that the queen is in your hive and all of the stragglers will march right in!

If you decide to give swarm trapping a try this spring- good luck!

Links to Swarm Trap Plans

HorizontalHive.com plan

Woodworking accountant (youtube) plan

Welcome to Mayhew Bees and Honey

Welcome to my site and to my blog on beekeeping. As you browse the site you will find access to all of the goods and services that we have from this fascinating hobby the I started in 2020. I hope you enjoy our products. I wanted to use the blog as a space to just talk about beekeeping (or other topics), give ideas on how I am doing things in my yard, and plans to make equipment or supplies that you might want to use in your bee yard. If there’s only one thing I’ve learned in my short time as a beekeeper; it is that there is certainly more than one way to do something and pretty much none of them are universally right or universally wrong. This can be really frustrating for a new beekeeper because the conflicting information can get really overwhelming, really fast. So if you’re a new beekeeper- take a deep breath and don’t worry so much. There are a lot of ways to manage your bees and you need to feel out what feels right to you. When I talk about something in the blog its not the only way you can do something.

Anyway, I hope you enjoy this space to read about my experiences and discuss all things beekeeping. If you would like to see a post about a certain topic, shoot me a message on the contact form and I will get right back with you and hopefully will be able to write about it as well.